The three things that vary by country: voltage, frequency, and plug shape. Here's how to read each one.
The world is split. North America, Japan, and parts of South America run on 100–127V. Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia run on 220–240V. Plugging a single-voltage 120V device into a 240V outlet is a fire hazard — modern dual-voltage electronics (phones, laptops) handle both.
Most of the world runs at 50 Hz. The Americas and parts of Asia run at 60 Hz. Modern electronics handle both transparently. Older motorized devices (analog clocks, certain shavers) may run at the wrong speed.
Fifteen plug shapes are used worldwide. Some countries use multiple types depending on building age or region. Always check both plug shape AND voltage before you fly — a Type C plug from Europe will fit a Type C outlet anywhere, but the voltage may be different.
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